NATIONAL VCR DAY
1099 – First Crusade: The Siege of Jerusalem begins (ends July 15 with capture of the city from the Fatimid Caliphate, laying the foundation for the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
1494 – Spain and Portugal sign the Treaty of Tordesillas which divides the New World between the two countries.
1776 – Virginia's Richard Henry Lee presents the "Lee Resolution" to the Continental Congress. The motion is seconded by John Adams and will lead to the United States Declaration of Independence. Lee acted on instructions from the Virginia Convention and its President, Edmund Pendleton. Some sources indicate Lee used, almost verbatim, the language from the instructions in his resolution.
1832 – Asian cholera reaches Quebec, brought by Irish immigrants, and kills about 6,000 people in Lower Canada.
1832 – Asian cholera reaches Quebec, brought by Irish immigrants, and kills about 6,000 people in Lower Canada.
1892 – Homer Plessy is arrested for refusing to leave his seat in the "whites-only" car of a train; he lost the resulting court case, Plessy v. Ferguson. The resulting "separate but equal" decision against him had wide consequences for civil rights in the United States. The decision legalized state-mandated segregation anywhere in the United States so long as the facilities provided for both blacks and whites were putatively "equal".
1893 – Mohandas Gandhi commits his first act of civil disobedience, protesting racial segregation in South Africa.
1899 – American Temperance crusader Carrie Nation begins her campaign of vandalizing alcohol-serving establishments by destroying the inventory in a saloon in Kiowa, Kansas.
1905 – Norway's parliament dissolves its union with Sweden. The vote was confirmed by a national plebiscite on August 13 of that year.
1905 – Norway's parliament dissolves its union with Sweden. The vote was confirmed by a national plebiscite on August 13 of that year.
1917 – World War I: Battle of Messines ― Allied soldiers detonate ammonal mines underneath German trenches at Messines Ridge, killing 10,000 German troops.
1936 – The Steel Workers Organizing Committee, a trade union, is founded in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Philip Murray was elected its first president.
1938 – Second Sino-Japanese War: The Chinese Nationalist government creates the 1938 Yellow River flood to halt Japanese forces. 500,000 to 900,000 civilians are killed. The original plan was to destroy the dike at Zhaokou, but due to difficulties at that location the dike was destroyed on June 5 and June 7 at Huayuankou, on the south bank. Waters flooded into Henan, Anhui, and Jiangsu. The floods covered and destroyed thousands of square kilometers of farmland and shifted the mouth of the Yellow River hundreds of miles to the south.
1936 – The Steel Workers Organizing Committee, a trade union, is founded in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Philip Murray was elected its first president.
1938 – Second Sino-Japanese War: The Chinese Nationalist government creates the 1938 Yellow River flood to halt Japanese forces. 500,000 to 900,000 civilians are killed. The original plan was to destroy the dike at Zhaokou, but due to difficulties at that location the dike was destroyed on June 5 and June 7 at Huayuankou, on the south bank. Waters flooded into Henan, Anhui, and Jiangsu. The floods covered and destroyed thousands of square kilometers of farmland and shifted the mouth of the Yellow River hundreds of miles to the south.
1942 – World War II: The naval Battle of Midway ends in American victory. Damage to the Japanese Imperial Fleet was devastating and irreparable.
1965 – The Supreme Court of the United States hands down its decision in Griswold v. Connecticut, effectively legalizing the use of contraception by married couples based on a court-invented "right to privacy."
1965 – The Supreme Court of the United States hands down its decision in Griswold v. Connecticut, effectively legalizing the use of contraception by married couples based on a court-invented "right to privacy."
1981 – The Israeli Air Force destroys Iraq's Osiraq nuclear reactor under construction near Baghdad, during Operation Opera.
2013 – A gunman opens fire at Santa Monica College in Santa Monica, California, after setting a house on fire nearby, killing six people, including the suspect.
2014 – At least 37 people are killed in an attack in the Democratic Republic of the Congo's South Kivu province.
BORN TODAY
1761 – John Rennie the Elder, Scottish engineer― bridges aqueducts, canals (d. 1821)
1848 – Paul Gauguin, French painter and sculptor, friend to Vincent Van Gogh (d. 1903)
1894 – Alexander P. de Seversky, Georgian-American pilot and engineer, co-designed the Republic P-47 Thunderbolt (d. 1974)
1896 – Robert S. Mulliken, American physicist and chemist, Nobel Prize laureate, development of molecular orbital theory (d. 1986)
1909 – Virginia Apgar, American anesthesiologist and pediatrician, developed the Apgar test (d. 1974)
1954 – Louise Erdrich, American novelist and poet
2014 – At least 37 people are killed in an attack in the Democratic Republic of the Congo's South Kivu province.
BORN TODAY
1761 – John Rennie the Elder, Scottish engineer― bridges aqueducts, canals (d. 1821)
1848 – Paul Gauguin, French painter and sculptor, friend to Vincent Van Gogh (d. 1903)
1894 – Alexander P. de Seversky, Georgian-American pilot and engineer, co-designed the Republic P-47 Thunderbolt (d. 1974)
1896 – Robert S. Mulliken, American physicist and chemist, Nobel Prize laureate, development of molecular orbital theory (d. 1986)
1909 – Virginia Apgar, American anesthesiologist and pediatrician, developed the Apgar test (d. 1974)
1954 – Louise Erdrich, American novelist and poet
From Wikipedia and Google (images), ex as noted.
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