SOCIAL MEDIA DAY
763 – The Byzantine army of emperor Constantine V defeats the Bulgarian forces in the Battle of Anchialus. Constantine then entered his capital in triumph and killed all prisoners taken in the battle. The fate of Bulgarian leader Telets was similar: two years later he was murdered because of the defeat. The Byzantines failed to use the strategic advantage which they had and the prolonged wars in the 8th century ended in 792 at the Marcelae with a great Bulgarian victory and reestablishment of the treaty of 718.
1520 – Spanish conquistadors led by Hernán Cortés fight their way out of Tenochtitlan.
1794 – Native American forces under Blue Jacket attack Fort Recovery.
1882 – Charles J. Guiteau is hanged in Washington, D.C. for the assassination of U.S. President James Garfield. As he surrendered to authorities, Guiteau said: "I am a Stalwart of the Stalwarts. ... [Chester A.] Arthur is president now!" The Stalwarts were a faction of the Republican Party that existed briefly in the United States during the 1870s, in the Gilded Age after Reconstruction.
1892 – The Homestead Strike begins near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It was an industrial lockout and strike which began on June 30, 1892, culminating in a battle between strikers and private security agents on July 6, 1892.[3] The battle was one of the most serious disputes in U.S. labor history, third behind the Ludlow Massacreand the Battle of Blair Mountain. The dispute occurred at the Homestead Steel Works in the Pittsburgh area town of Homestead, Pennsylvania, between the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers (the AA) and the Carnegie Steel Company. The final result was a major defeat for the union and a setback for their efforts to unionize steelworkers.
1794 – Native American forces under Blue Jacket attack Fort Recovery.
1882 – Charles J. Guiteau is hanged in Washington, D.C. for the assassination of U.S. President James Garfield. As he surrendered to authorities, Guiteau said: "I am a Stalwart of the Stalwarts. ... [Chester A.] Arthur is president now!" The Stalwarts were a faction of the Republican Party that existed briefly in the United States during the 1870s, in the Gilded Age after Reconstruction.
1892 – The Homestead Strike begins near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It was an industrial lockout and strike which began on June 30, 1892, culminating in a battle between strikers and private security agents on July 6, 1892.[3] The battle was one of the most serious disputes in U.S. labor history, third behind the Ludlow Massacreand the Battle of Blair Mountain. The dispute occurred at the Homestead Steel Works in the Pittsburgh area town of Homestead, Pennsylvania, between the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers (the AA) and the Carnegie Steel Company. The final result was a major defeat for the union and a setback for their efforts to unionize steelworkers.
1905 – Albert Einstein sends the article On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies, in which he introduces special relativity, for publication in Annalen der Physik.
1908 – The Tunguska event occurs in remote Siberia. It was a large explosion that occurred near the Stony Tunguska River, in Yeniseysk Governorate (now Krasnoyarsk Krai), Russian Empire, on the morning of 30 June 1908 (N.S.).[1 The explosion over the sparsely populated Eastern Siberian Taiga flattened 2,000 km2 (770 sq mi) of forest (it caused no known casualties among humans). The cause of the explosion is generally thought to have been ameteor. It is classified as an impact event, even though no impact crater has been found; the meteor is thought to have burst in mid-air at an altitude of 5 to 10 kilometres (3 to 6 miles) rather than hit the surface of the Earth.
1908 – The Tunguska event occurs in remote Siberia. It was a large explosion that occurred near the Stony Tunguska River, in Yeniseysk Governorate (now Krasnoyarsk Krai), Russian Empire, on the morning of 30 June 1908 (N.S.).[1 The explosion over the sparsely populated Eastern Siberian Taiga flattened 2,000 km2 (770 sq mi) of forest (it caused no known casualties among humans). The cause of the explosion is generally thought to have been ameteor. It is classified as an impact event, even though no impact crater has been found; the meteor is thought to have burst in mid-air at an altitude of 5 to 10 kilometres (3 to 6 miles) rather than hit the surface of the Earth.
1912 – The Regina Cyclone hits Regina, Saskatchewan, killing 28. It remains Canada's deadliest tornado event. At about 4:50 p.m., green funnel clouds formed and touched down south of the city, tearing a swath through the residential area betweenWascana Lake and Victoria Avenue, and continuing through the downtown business district, rail yards, warehouse district, and northern residential area.
1921 – U.S. President Warren G. Harding appoints former President William Howard Taft Chief Justice of the United States.
1934 – The Night of the Long Knives, Adolf Hitler's violent purge of his political rivals in Germany, begins (ends July 2). The Nazi regime carried out a series of political extra-judicial executions. Concerned with presenting the massacre as legally sanctioned, Hitler had the cabinet approve a measure on July 3 that declared, "The measures taken on June 30, July 1 and 2 to suppress treasonous assaults are legal as acts of self-defence by the State.
1937 – The world's first emergency telephone number, 999, is introduced in London.
1944 – World War II: The Battle of Cherbourg ends with the fall of the strategically valuable port to American forces, following the June 6 Normandy invasion.
1971 – Ohio ratifies the 26th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, reducing the voting age to 18, thereby putting the amendment into effect.
1937 – The world's first emergency telephone number, 999, is introduced in London.
1944 – World War II: The Battle of Cherbourg ends with the fall of the strategically valuable port to American forces, following the June 6 Normandy invasion.
1971 – Ohio ratifies the 26th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, reducing the voting age to 18, thereby putting the amendment into effect.
1972 – The first leap second is added to the UTC time system. The UTC time standard, which is widely used for international timekeeping and as the reference for civil time in most countries, uses the international system (SI) definition of the second, based on atomic clocks. Like most time standards, UTC defines a grouping of seconds into minutes, hours, days, months, and years. However, the duration of onemean solar day is now slightly longer than 24 hours (86400 SI seconds) because the rotation of the Earth has slowed down. Therefore, if the UTC day were defined as precisely 86400 SI seconds, the UTC time-of-day would slowly drift apart from that of solar-based standards, such as Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) and its successor UT1. The purpose of a leap second is to compensate for this drift, by occasionally scheduling some UTC days with 86401 or (in principle) 86399 SI seconds.
Between 1972 and 2012, a leap second has been inserted about every 18 months, on average. However, the spacing is quite irregular and apparently increasing: there were no leap seconds in the seven-year interval between January 1, 1999 and December 31, 2005, but there were nine leap seconds in the eight years 1972–1979.
1985 – Thirty-nine American hostages from the hijacked TWA Flight 847 are freed in Beirut after being held for 17 days.
1990 – East Germany and West Germany merge their economies.
1997 – The United Kingdom transfers sovereignty over Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China.
2013 – Nineteen firefighters die controlling a wildfire in Yarnell, Arizona.
1990 – East Germany and West Germany merge their economies.
1997 – The United Kingdom transfers sovereignty over Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China.
2013 – Nineteen firefighters die controlling a wildfire in Yarnell, Arizona.
2015 – An Idonesian Air Force Hercules C-130 military aircraft with 113 people on board crashes in a residential area in the Indonesian city of Medan, resulting in a total of 135 deaths. At the time of the crash, the aircraft was transporting military personnel and their families, and possibly some paying civilian passengers, a known practice that is in violation of government regulations but is often tolerated.
BORN TODAY
1895 – Heinz Warneke, German-American sculptor and educator (d. 1983)
1919 – Ed Yost, American inventor of the modern hot air balloon (d. 2007)
1920 – Eleanor Ross Taylor, American poet and educator (d. 2011)
1930 – Thomas Sowell, American economist, philosopher, and author
1895 – Heinz Warneke, German-American sculptor and educator (d. 1983)
1919 – Ed Yost, American inventor of the modern hot air balloon (d. 2007)
1920 – Eleanor Ross Taylor, American poet and educator (d. 2011)
1930 – Thomas Sowell, American economist, philosopher, and author
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