NATIONAL SMILE POWER DAY
763 BC – The Assyrians record a solar eclipse that is later used to fix the chronology of Mesopotamian history.
1215 – King John of England puts his seal to the Magna Carta. First drafted by the Archbishop of Canterbury to make peace between the unpopular King and a group of rebel barons, it promised the protection of church rights, protection for the barons from illegal imprisonment, access to swift justice, and limitations on feudal payments to the Crown, to be implemented through a council of 25 barons. Neither side stood behind their commitments, and the charter was annulled by Pope Innocent III, leading to the First Barons' War.
1389 – The Battle of Kosovo: The Ottoman Empire defeats Serbs and Bosnians. Reliable historical accounts of the battle are scarce. The bulk of both armies were wiped out in the battle; both leaders Lazar (Bosnians) and Murad (Ottoman's) lost their lives in it. Although Ottomans managed to annihilate the Serbian army, they also suffered high casualties which delayed their progress. The Serbs were left with too few men to effectively defend their lands, while the Turks had many more troops in the east. Consequently, one after the other, the Serbian principalities that were not already Ottoman vassals became so in the following years.
1520 – Pope Leo X threatens to excommunicate Martin Luther in papal bull Exsurge Domine.
1648 – Margaret Jones is hanged in Boston for witchcraft in the first such execution for the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
1752 – Benjamin Franklin proves that lightning is electricity (traditional date, the exact date is unknown).
1775 – American Revolutionary War: George Washington is appointed commander-in-chief of the Continental Army.
1776 – Delaware Separation Day: Delaware votes to suspend government under the British Crown and separate officially from Pennsylvania.
1775 – American Revolutionary War: George Washington is appointed commander-in-chief of the Continental Army.
1776 – Delaware Separation Day: Delaware votes to suspend government under the British Crown and separate officially from Pennsylvania.
1816 – At the Villa Diodati in the village of Cologny, Switzerland, Lord Byron reads Fantasmagoriana to his four house guests — Percy Shelley, Mary Shelley, Claire Clairmont, and John Polidori — and challenges each guest to write a ghost story, which culminates in Mary Shelley writing the novel Frankenstein, John Polidori writing the short story The Vampyre, and Byron writing an unfinished vampire novel Fragment of a Novel and the poem Darkness.
1844 – Charles Goodyear receives a patent (#3633) for vulcanization, a process to strengthen rubber. Goodyear's discovery of the vulcanization process was accidental, after five years of searching for a more stable rubber and stumbling upon the effectiveness of heating after Thomas Hancock.
1846 – The Oregon Treaty establishes the 49th parallel as the border between the United States and Canada, from the Rocky Mountainsto the Strait of Juan de Fuca.
1864 – Arlington National Cemetery is established when 200 acres (0.81 km2) around Arlington Mansion (formerly owned by Confederate General Robert E. Lee) are officially set aside as a military cemetery by U.S. Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton.
1877 – Henry Ossian Flipper becomes the first African American cadet to graduate from the United States Military Academy.
1888 – Crown Prince Wilhelm becomes Kaiser Wilhelm II; he will be the last Emperor of the German Empire. Due to the death of his predecessors Wilhelm I and Frederick III, 1888 is the Year of the Three Emperors.
1916 – U.S. President Woodrow Wilson signs a bill incorporating the Boy Scouts of America, making them the only American youth organization with a federal charter.
1934 – The U.S. Great Smoky Mountains National Park is founded.
1940 – World War II: Operation Ariel begins: Allied troops start to evacuate France, following Germany's takeover of Paris and most of the nation.
1944 – World War II: Battle of Saipan ― The United States invades Japanese-occupied Saipan. The landings began at 07:00 on 15 June 1944. More than 300 LVTs landed 8,000 Marines on the west coast of Saipan by about 09:00. Although major fighting had officially ceased on 9 July, pockets of Japanese resistance continued. In September 1944, US Marines began patrols into the island interior in order to bring in civilians and soldiers still holding out in the jungles. A group led by Captain Sakae Obamanaged to evade capture for more than 512 days until surrendering to American forces on 1 December 1945, three months after the official surrender of Japan. In February 2011, a film about Oba, Oba: The Last Samurai, was released in Japan.
1944 – World War II: Battle of Saipan ― The United States invades Japanese-occupied Saipan. The landings began at 07:00 on 15 June 1944. More than 300 LVTs landed 8,000 Marines on the west coast of Saipan by about 09:00. Although major fighting had officially ceased on 9 July, pockets of Japanese resistance continued. In September 1944, US Marines began patrols into the island interior in order to bring in civilians and soldiers still holding out in the jungles. A group led by Captain Sakae Obamanaged to evade capture for more than 512 days until surrendering to American forces on 1 December 1945, three months after the official surrender of Japan. In February 2011, a film about Oba, Oba: The Last Samurai, was released in Japan.
1970 – Charles Manson goes on trial for the Sharon Tate murders.
1972 – Red Army Faction co-founder Ulrike Meinhof is captured by police in Langenhagen. Before her trial, for murder and formation of a criminal association, concluded, Meinhof was found hanged in her prison cell in 1976.
1992 – The United States Supreme Court rules in United States v. Álvarez-Machaín that it is permissible for the United States to forcibly extradite suspects in foreign countries and bring them to the USA for trial, without approval from those other countries.
1992 – The United States Supreme Court rules in United States v. Álvarez-Machaín that it is permissible for the United States to forcibly extradite suspects in foreign countries and bring them to the USA for trial, without approval from those other countries.
1996 – The Troubles: The Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) detonates a powerful truck bomb in the middle of Manchester, England, devastating the city center and injuring 200 people.
2012 – Nik Wallenda becomes the first person to successfully tightrope walk directly over Niagara Falls.
2014 – Pakistan formally launches military operation against the insurgents in North Waziristan.
2013 – A bomb explodes on a bus in the Pakistani city of Quetta, killing at least 25 people and wounding 22 others.
2014 – Pakistan formally launches military operation against the insurgents in North Waziristan.
BORN TODAY
1479 – Lisa del Giocondo, Italian model, subject of the Mona Lisa (d. 1542)
1843 – Edvard Grieg, Norwegian pianist and composer (d. 1907)
1917 – John Fenn, American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2010)
1934 – Ruby Nash Garnett, American R&B singer (Ruby & the Romantics)
From Wikipedia and Google (images), ex as noted. 1479 – Lisa del Giocondo, Italian model, subject of the Mona Lisa (d. 1542)
1843 – Edvard Grieg, Norwegian pianist and composer (d. 1907)
1917 – John Fenn, American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2010)
1934 – Ruby Nash Garnett, American R&B singer (Ruby & the Romantics)
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