Thursday, March 15, 2018

TODAY IN HISTORY ― MARCH 15

March 15 is the 74th day of the year (75th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 291 days remaining until the end of the year. This date is slightly more likely to fall on a Tuesday, Thursday or Sunday (58 in 400 years each) than on Friday or Saturday (57), and slightly less likely to occur on a Monday or Wednesday (56).

In the Roman calendar, March 15 was known as the Ides of March. 


NATIONAL EVERYTHING YOU THINK IS WRONG DAY  


44 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus, Gaius Cassius Longinus, Decimus Junius Brutus and several other Roman senators on the Ides of March.


351 – Constantius II elevates his cousin Gallus to Caesar, and puts him in charge of the Eastern part of the Roman Empire.

933 – After a ten-year truce, German King Henry the Fowler defeats a Hungarian army at the Battle of Riade near the Unstrut river.

1672 – Charles II of England issues the Royal Declaration of Indulgence, the first step toward religious freedom in the British Isles.

1781 – The American Revolutionary War: Battle of Guilford Courthouse, near present-day Greensboro, North Carolina, 1,900 British troops under General Charles Cornwallis defeat an American force numbering 4,400 commanded by 
Major General Nathanael Greene.

1783 – In an emotional speech in Newburgh, New York, George Washington asks his officers not to support the Newburgh Conspiracy. The plea is successful and the threatened coup d'état over the Congress of the Confederation never takes place.

1819 – French physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel wins a contest at the Academie des Sciences in Paris by proving that light behaves like a wave. The Fresnel integrals, still used to calculate wave patterns, silence skeptics who had backed the particle theory of Isaac Newton.

1875 – Archbishop of New York, John McCloskeywas created Cardinal-Priest of S. Maria sopra Minerva by Pius IX, thus becoming the first cardinal of the United States.

1916 – United States President Woodrow Wilson sends 4,800 United States troops over the U.S.–Mexico border to pursue Pancho Villa.

1917  During the February (in the Russian calendar) Revolution, Czar Nicholas II, ruler of Russia since 1894, is forced to abdicate the throne by the Petrograd insurgents, and a provincial government is installed in his place.

1922 – After Egypt gains nominal independence from the United Kingdom, Fuad I becomes King of Egypt.

1939 – World War II: German troops occupy the remaining part of Bohemia and Moravia; Czechoslovakia ceases to exist.

1943 – World War II: Third Battle of Kharkov – the Germans retake the city of Kharkov, Poland from the Soviet armies in bitter street fighting.

1961 – South Africa is forced to withdraw from the British Commonwealth over the issue of Apartheid

1968  Construction starts on the north tunnel of the Eisenhower/Johnson Memorial Tunnel on Interstate 70 in Colorado, some 60 miles west of Denver. Located at an altitude of more than 11,000 feet, the project was an engineering marvel and became the world’s highest vehicular tunnel when it was completed in 1979.

1985 – The first Internet domain name is registered (symbolics.com).

1990 – Mikhail Gorbachev is elected as the first President of the Soviet Union.

1991 – The Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany comes into effect, granting full sovereignty to the Federal Republic of Germany (formerly West Germany).

2011 – Beginning of the Syrian "Civil War".


BORN TODAY

1754 – Archibald Menzies, Scottish surgeon and botanist (d. 1842)

1767 – Andrew Jackson, American general (War of 1812), judge, and politician, 7th President of the United States (d. 1845)

1835 – Eduard Strauss, Austrian composer and conductor (d. 1916)

1857 – Christian Michelsen, Norwegian businessman and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Norway (d. 1925)

1858 – Liberty Hyde Bailey, American botanist and academic, co-founded the American Society for Horticultural Science (d. 1954)

1866 – Johan Vaaler, Norwegian inventor, invented the Paper clip (d. 1910)

1874 – Harold L. Ickes, American journalist and politician, 32nd United States Secretary of the Interior (d. 1952)

1887 – Marjorie Merriweather Post, American businesswoman and philanthropist, founded General Foods (d. 1973)

1916 – Harry James, American trumpet player, bandleader, and actor (d. 1983)

1920 – E. Donnall Thomas, American physician and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2012)

1932 – Alan Bean, American captain, pilot, and astronaut

1933 – Ruth Bader Ginsburg, American lawyer and judge, Supreme Court

From Wikipedia and Google (images), ex as noted.  

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