THIS DAY IN HISTORY ― SEPTEMBER 12

September 12 is the 255th day of the year (256th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 110 days remaining until the end of the year. This date is slightly more likely to fall on a Monday, Wednesday or Saturday (58 in 400 years each) than on Thursday or Friday (57), and slightly less likely to occur on a Tuesday or Sunday (56).

NATIONAL CHOCOLATE MILKSHAKE DAY  

490 BC – Battle of Marathon: The conventionally accepted date for the Battle of Marathon. The Athenians and their Plataean allies, defeat the first Persian invasion force of Greece.

1814 – Battle of North Point: an American detachment halts the British land advance to Baltimore in the War of 1812.

1915 – French soldiers rescue over 4,000 Armenian Genocide survivors stranded on Musa Dagh.

1919 – Adolf Hitler joins the German Workers' Party (later the Nazi Party).

1933 – Leó Szilárd, waiting for a red light on Southampton Row in Bloomsbury, conceives the idea of the nuclear chain reaction.

1940 – An explosion at the Hercules Powder Company plant in Kenvil, New Jersey kills 51 people and injures over 200.

1942 – World War II: RMS Laconia, carrying civilians, Allied soldiers and Italian POWs is torpedoed off the coast of West Africa and sinks with a heavy loss of life.

1942 – World War II: First day of the Battle of Edson's Ridge during the WWII Guadalcanal Campaign. U.S. Marines protecting Henderson Field on Guadalcanal are attacked by Imperial Japanese Army forces in.

1958 – Jack Kilby demonstrates the first working integrated circuit while working at Texas Instruments.

1962 – President John F. Kennedy, at a speech at Rice University, reaffirms that the U.S. will put a man on the moon by the end of the decade.

1983 – A Wells Fargo depot in West Hartford, Connecticut, United States, is robbed of approximately US$7 million by Los Macheteros.

1990 – The two German states and the Four Powers sign the Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany in Moscow, paving the way for German reunification.

1992 – NASA launches Space Shuttle Endeavour on STS-47 which marked the 50th shuttle mission. On board are Mae Carol Jemison, the first African-American woman in space, Mamoru Mohri, the first Japanese citizen to fly in a US spaceship, and Mark Lee and Jan Davis, the first married couple in space.

2008 – The 2008 Chatsworth train collision in Los Angeles between a Metrolink commuter train and a Union Pacific freight train kills 25 people.

2011 – The 9/11 Memorial Museum in New York City opens to the public.

2015 – A series of explosions involving propane triggering nearby illegally stored mining detonators in the Indian town of Petlawad in the state of Madhya Pradesh kills at least 105 people with over 150 injured.

TODAY'S BIRTHS

1812 – Richard March Hoe, American engineer and businessman, invented the Rotary printing press (d. 1886)

1880 – H. L. Mencken, American journalist and critic (d. 1956)

1892 – Alfred A. Knopf, Sr., American publisher, founded Alfred A. Knopf Inc. (d. 1984)

1897 – Irène Joliot-Curie, French chemist and physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1956)

1928 – Muriel Siebert, American businesswoman and philanthropist (d. 2013)

From Wikipedia and Google, except as noted.