NATIONAL SPEAK IN SENTENCES DAY
1279 BC – Ramesses II (The Great) (19th dynasty) becomes third pharaoh of Nineteen Dynasty of Egypt. Born in 1303 BC, ruled from 1279 BC to 1213 BC.
455 – Emperor Petronius Maximus: A wealthy senator and a prominent aristocrat, he was instrumental in the murders of the Western Roman magister militum, Flavius Aëtius, and the Western Roman Emperor Valentinian III. Maximus was killed during the events culminating in the sack of Rome by the Vandals in 455.
1578 – King Henry III lays the first stone of the Pont Neuf (New Bridge), the oldest bridge of Paris, France.
1790 – Manuel Quimper explores the Strait of Juan de Fuca.
1795 – French Revolution: The Revolutionary Tribunal is suppressed. It was a court which was instituted in Paris by the Convention during the French Revolution for the trial of political offenders, and eventually became one of the most powerful engines of the Reign of Terror, a period of violence that occurred after the onset of the French Revolution, incited by conflict between two rival political factions, the Girondins and The Jacobins, and marked by mass executions of "enemies of the revolution".
1859 – The clock tower at the Houses of Parliament, which houses Big Ben, starts keeping time.
1864 – American Civil War Overland Campaign: The Battle of Cold Harbor ― The Army of Northern Virginia under Robert E. Lee engages the Army of the Potomac under Ulysses S. Grant and George Meade. The engagement lasts until June 12, 1864.
1889 – The Johnstown Flood: Over 2,200 people die after the South Fork Dam on the Little Conemaugh River 14 miles (23 km) upstream of the town fails and sends a 60-foot (18-meter) wall of water over the town of Johnstown, Pennsylvania. The dam broke after several days of extremely heavy rainfall, unleashing 20 million tons of water (18 million cubic meters) from the reservoir known as Lake Conemaugh.
1902 – Second Boer War: The Treaty of Vereeniging ends the war and ensures British control of South Africa. The Second Boer War lasted from October 11, 1899 until signing of the treaty. The United Kingdom fought the South African Republic (Transvaal Republic) and the Orange Free State. "Boer" was the common term for Afrikaans-speaking settlers in southern Africa at the time. The complex origins of the war resulted from more than a century of conflict between the Boers and the British Empire, but of particular immediate importance was the question as to which nation would control and benefit most from the very lucrative Witwatersrand gold mines.
1916 – World War I: Battle of Jutland: The British Grand Fleet under the command of John Jellicoe, 1st Earl Jellicoe andDavid Beatty, 1st Earl Beatty engage the Imperial German Navy under the command of Reinhard Scheer and Franz von Hipper in the largest naval battle of the war, which proves indecisive.
1916 – World War I: Battle of Jutland: The British Grand Fleet under the command of John Jellicoe, 1st Earl Jellicoe andDavid Beatty, 1st Earl Beatty engage the Imperial German Navy under the command of Reinhard Scheer and Franz von Hipper in the largest naval battle of the war, which proves indecisive.
1927 – The last Ford Model T rolls off the assembly line after a production run of 15,007,003 vehicles.
1935 – A 7.7 Mw earthquake destroys Quetta in modern-day Pakistan killing 40,000.
1961 – The Union of South Africa becomes the Republic of South Africa.
1961 – In Moscow City Court, the Rokotov–Faibishenko show trial begins, despite the Khrushchev Thaw to reverse Stalinist elements in Soviet society. Soon after being convicted, both men were shot. They were twenty-two years old. Thousands of Soviet citizens sent letters endorsing the penalty, though a few condemned it, in part because retroactive punishment was banned by Article 6 of the RSFSR Criminal Code.
1935 – A 7.7 Mw earthquake destroys Quetta in modern-day Pakistan killing 40,000.
1961 – The Union of South Africa becomes the Republic of South Africa.
1961 – In Moscow City Court, the Rokotov–Faibishenko show trial begins, despite the Khrushchev Thaw to reverse Stalinist elements in Soviet society. Soon after being convicted, both men were shot. They were twenty-two years old. Thousands of Soviet citizens sent letters endorsing the penalty, though a few condemned it, in part because retroactive punishment was banned by Article 6 of the RSFSR Criminal Code.
1970 – The 7.9 Mw Ancash earthquake shakes Peru with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe) and a landslideburies the town of Yungay, Peru. Between 66,794–70,000 were killed and 50,000 were injured.
1971 – In accordance with the Uniform Monday Holiday Act passed by the U.S. Congress in 1968, observation of Memorial Day occurs on the last Monday in May for the first time, rather than on the traditional Memorial Day of May 30.
1977 – The Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) is completed. It includes the trans-Alaska crude-oil pipeline, 12 pump stations, several hundred miles of feeder pipelines, and the Valdez Marine Terminal. TAPS is one of the world's largest pipeline systems. TAPS technically apply only to the 800 miles (1,287 km) of the pipeline with the diameter of 48 inches (122 cm) that conveys oil from Prudhoe Bay, to Valdez, Alaska. The crude oil pipeline is privately owned by the Alyeska Pipeline Service Company. The pipeline was built between 1974 and 1977 after the 1973 oil crisis caused a sharp rise in oil prices in the United States. This rise made exploration of thePrudhoe Bay oil field economically feasible.
1991 – Bicesse Accords in Angola lay out a transition to multi-party democracy under the supervision of the United Nations' UNAVEM II mission.
1991 – Bicesse Accords in Angola lay out a transition to multi-party democracy under the supervision of the United Nations' UNAVEM II mission.
2010 – In international waters, armed Israeli Shayetet 13 commandos, intending to force the flotilla to anchor at the Ashdodport, boarded ships trying to break the ongoing blockade of the Gaza Strip, resulting in nine civilian deaths.
2013 – The asteroid 1998 QE2 and its moon make their closest approach to Earth for the next two centuries.
BORN TODAY
1819 – Walt Whitman, American poet, essayist, and journalist (d. 1892)
1866 – John Ringling, one of the founders of the Ringling Brothers Circus (d. 1936)
1931 – John Robert Schrieffer, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
1819 – Walt Whitman, American poet, essayist, and journalist (d. 1892)
1866 – John Ringling, one of the founders of the Ringling Brothers Circus (d. 1936)
1931 – John Robert Schrieffer, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
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