TODAY IN HISTORY ― JANUARY 30

January 30 is the 30th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 335 days remaining until the end of the year (336 in leap years). This date is slightly more likely to fall on a Monday, Wednesday or Saturday (58 in 400 years each) than on Thursday or Friday (57), and slightly less likely to occur on a Tuesday or Sunday (56). 

NATIONAL CROISSANT DAY   

1661 ― Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England is ritually executed after having been dead for two years. 

1815 ― The U.S. Library of Congress, destroyed by the British in the War of 1812, is reestablished with Thomas Jefferson's 6500 volumes. 

1820 ― British explorer, Edward Bransfield, aboard Williams sights Trinity Peninsula, Antarctica and claims it for Britain.

1835 ― In the House chamber of the U.S. Capitol, President Andrew Jackson, the seventh president of the United States, survives the first attempt against the life of a U.S. president.

1933 ― President Paul von Hindenburg names Adolf Hitler, leader or fÜhrer of the National Socialist German Workers Party (or Nazi Party), as chancellor of Germany.

1939 ― Hitler threatens the Jews during his speech to the German Reichstag (parliament).

1943 ― The British Royal Air Force begins a bombing campaign on the German capital that coincides with the 10th anniversary of Hitler’s accession to power.

1956 ― Martin Luther King Jr.'s home is bombed in Montgomery, AL. ―  http://reasonabledoubt.org

1961 ― President John F. Kennedy asks for an Alliance for Progress and the Peace Corps. The program was established by Executive Order 10924.

1964 ― Lunar probe, Ranger 6, is launched; makes perfect flight to Moon, but its cameras fail.

1965 ― The state funeral of Sir Winston Churchill is held at St. Paul's Cathedral, London-- largest ever state funeral.

1968 ― During the Tet holiday cease-fire in South Vietnam, communist forces launch their largest offensive of the Vietnam War against South Vietnamese and U.S. troops.

1972 ― 'Bloody Sunday': 27 unarmed civilians are shot (of whom 14 were killed) by the British Army during a civil rights march in Derry; this is the highest death toll from a single shooting incident during 'the Troubles'.

1989 ― Five Pharaoh sculptures from 1470 BC found at temple of Luxor.

2014 ― 24 hostages are killed after 6 suicide bombers temporarily take over the Iraqi Ministry of Transportation in Baghdad.

TODAY'S BIRTHS

1844 – Richard Theodore Greener, American lawyer, academic, and diplomat (d. 1922)

1882 – Franklin D. Roosevelt, American lawyer and politician, 32nd President of the United States (d. 1945)

1925 – Douglas Engelbart, American computer scientist, invented the computer mouse (d. 2013)

1937 – Boris Spassky, Russian chess player and theoretician

From Wikipedia and Google (images), ex as noted.