THIS DAY IN HISTORY ― NOVEMBER 1

November 1 is the 305th day of the year(306th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 60 days remaining until the end of the year. This date is slightly more likely to fall on a Tuesday, Thursday or Sunday (58 in 400 years each) than on Friday or Saturday (57), and slightly less likely to occur on a Monday or Wednesday (56).

NATIONAL CALZONE DAY 

835 – All Saints Day made compulsory by Pope Gregory IV throughout Frankish Kingdom. All Saints' Day, also known as All Hallows, Solemnity of All Saints, or Feast of All Saints) is a solemnity celebrated on 1 November by the Catholic Church and several Protestant denominations, and on the first Sunday after Pentecost in Eastern Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy, in honour of all the saints, known and unknown. The liturgical celebration begins at Vespers on the evening of 31 October and ends at the close of 1 November. It is thus the day before All Souls' Day.

1512 - Michelangelo's paintings on the ceiling of Sistine Chapel in the Vatican are first exhibited.

1765 – The Stamp Act goes into effect in British colonies. The Stamp Act 1765 (short title Duties in American Colonies Act 1765) was an act of the Parliament of Great Britain that imposed a direct tax on the colonies of British America and required that many printed materials in the colonies be produced on stamped paper produced in London, carrying an embossed revenue stamp. 

1800 – John Adams (the second President of the United States) becomes the first president to occupy the newly-completed White House mansion.

1861 – President Abraham Lincoln names George Brinton McClellan general in chief of the Union army, replacing the aged and infirm Winfield Scott. In just six months, McClellan had gone from commander of the Ohio volunteers to the head of the Union army. Lincoln would later dismiss McClellan for lack of initiative.

1894  – Nicholas II becomes the new Tsar of Russia after his father, Alexander III, dies. Nicholas II would be overthrown, and he and his family executed, by the Bolsheviks in the Russian Revolution of 1917.

1914 – In a crushing victory, a German naval squadron commanded by Vice-Admiral Maximilian von Spee sinks two British armored cruisers with all aboard off the southern coast of Chile on November 1, 1914, in the Battle of Coronel.

1924 – William Tilghman is murdered by a corrupt prohibition agent who resented Tilghman's refusal to ignore local bootlegging operations. Tilghman, one of the famous marshals who brought law and order to the Wild West, was 71 years old.

1932 – Wernher von Braun is named head of the Nazi liquid-fuel rocket program.

1942 – John H Johnson publishes 1st issue of Negro Digest. The Negro Digest was a popular African-American magazine founded in November 1942 by John H. Johnson. It was first published locally in Chicago, Illinois. The Negro Digest was similar to the Reader's Digest but aimed to cover positive stories about the African-American community.

1952 – The first thermonuclear (Hydrogen) bomb is detonated by the Untied States in the Marshall Islands. A thermonuclear weapon is a nuclear weapon design that uses the energy from a primary fission reaction to compress and ignite a secondary nuclear fusion reaction, from which most of the bomb's explosive yield is derived. The result is greatly increased explosive power when compared to single-stage fission weapons. Edward Teller, of the Manhattan Project, first conceived the idea for the device and was the primary proponent of it's development.

1982  – Honda becomes the first Asian automobile company to produce cars in the United States with the opening of their factory in Marysville, Ohio. The Honda Accord is the first car produced there. The 1,000,000-square-foot plant cost nearly $300 million to build. As of 2010, the plant measured 3,600,000 square feet with cumulative capital investment of $3.8 billion.

1993 – The Maastricht Treaty comes into effect, formally establishing the European Union (EU). The treaty was drafted in 1991 by delegates from the European Community meeting at Maastricht in the Netherlands and signed in 1992. The agreement called for a strengthened European parliament, the creation of a central European bank, and common foreign and security policies. The treaty also laid the groundwork for the establishment of a single European currency, to be known as the "euro."

1998 – The European Court of Human Rights is instituted. The ECHR is a supra-national or international court established by the European Convention on Human Rights. It hears applications alleging that a contracting state has breached one or more of the human rights provisions concerning civil and political rights set out in the Convention and its protocols.

TODAY'S BIRTHS

1585 – Jan Brożek, Polish mathematician, physician, and astronomer (d. 1652)

1762 – Spencer Perceval, English lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1812)

1838 – Kelzang Gyatso,11th Dalai Lama (d. 1856)

1871 – Stephen Crane, American poet, novelist, and short story writer, The Red Badge of Courage (d. 1900)

1920 – James J. Kilpatrick, American journalist and author (d. 2010)

1950 – Mitch Kapor, American computer programmer and businessman, founded Lotus Software and Electronic Frontier Foundation

From Wikipedia and Google, except as noted.