THIS DAY IN HISTORY ― NOVEMBER 30

 

THIS DAY IN HISTORY ― NOVEMBER 30

November 30 is the 334th day of the year (335th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 31 days remaining until the end of the year. This date is slightly more likely to fall on a Monday, Wednesday or Friday (58 in 400 years each) than on Saturday or Sunday (57), and slightly less likely to occur on a Tuesday or Thursday (56).

NATIONAL STAY HOME BECAUSE YOU'RE WELL DAY 

1016 – Canut the Great, King of Denmark, claims the English throne after the death of Edmund "Ironside."

1487 – The The first German beer purity law is promulgated in Munich, stating beer should be brewed with only three ingredients–water, malt, and hops.

1707 – The second Siege of Pensacola comes to end with the failure of the British to capture Pensacola, Florida.

1782 – American Revolutionary War: Treaty of Paris. In Paris, representatives from the United States and Great Britain sign preliminary peace articles (later formalized as the 1783 Treaty of Paris).

1803 – In New Orleans, Spanish representatives officially transfer the Louisiana Territory to a French representative. Just 20 days later, France transfers the same land to the United States as the Louisiana Purchase.

1804 – The United States Senate begins an impeachment trial of Federalist Supreme Court Justice Samuel Chase.

President Thomas Jefferson, alarmed at the seizure of power by the judiciary through the claim of exclusive judicial review, led efforts to remove the Federalists from the bench. His allies in Congress had, shortly after his inauguration, repealed the Judiciary Act of 1801, abolishing the lower courts created by the legislation and terminating their Federalist judges despite lifetime appointments; Chase, two years after the repeal in May 1803, had denounced it in his charge to a Baltimore grand jury, saying that it would "take away all security for property and personal liberty, and our Republican constitution will sink into a mobocracy[.]" 

Earlier in April 1800, Chase acting as a district judge, had made strong attacks upon Thomas Cooper who had been indicted under the Alien and Sedition Acts; Chase had taken the air of a prosecutor rather than a judge. Also in 1800, when a grand jury in New Castle, Delaware declined to indict a local printer, Chase refused to discharge them, saying he was aware of one specific printer that he wished them to indict for seditious behavior. 

Jefferson saw the attack as indubitable bad behavior and an opportunity to reduce the Federalist influence on the judiciary by impeaching Chase, launching the process from the White House when he wrote to Congressman Joseph Hopper Nicholson of Maryland asking: "Ought the seditious and official attack [by Chase] on the principles of our Constitution... to go unpunished?"

The Senate voted to acquit Chase of all charges on March 1, 1805. He is the only U.S. Supreme Court justice to have been impeached.

1864 – American Civil War: The Confederate Army of Tennessee suffers heavy losses in an attack on the Union Army of the Ohio in the Battle of Franklin.

1908 – The U.S. Secretary of State and Japan's Ambassador to the U.S. exchange notes in what becomes known as the Root-Takahira Agreement: the affirm support for an independent China.

1936 – In London, the Crystal Palace is destroyed by fire.

1939 – Winter War: Soviet forces cross the Finnish border in several places and bomb Helsinki and several other Finnish cities, starting the war. 

1954 – In Sylacauga, Alabama, United States, the Hodges meteorite crashes through a roof and hits a woman taking an afternoon nap; this is the only documented case in the Western Hemisphere of a human being hit by a rock from space.

1981 – Cold War: In Geneva, representatives from the United States and the Soviet Union begin to negotiate intermediate-range nuclear weapon reductions in Europe. (The meetings end inconclusively on December 17.)

1982 – Michael Jackson's second solo album, Thriller is released worldwide. It will become the best-selling record album in history.

1995 – Official end of Operation Desert Storm. In its combat phase, was a war waged by coalition forces from 34 nations led by the United States against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait.

The initial conflict to expel Iraqi troops from Kuwait began with an aerial and naval bombardment on 17 January 1991, continuing for five weeks. This was followed by a ground assault on 24 February. This was a decisive victory for the coalition forces, who liberated Kuwait and advanced into Iraqi territory. The coalition ceased its advance, and declared a ceasefire 100 hours after the ground campaign started. 

Aerial and ground combat was confined to Iraq, Kuwait, and areas on Saudi Arabia's border. Iraq launched Scud missiles against coalition military targets in Saudi Arabia and against Israel.

1998 – Exxon and Mobil sign a US$73.7 billion agreement to merge, thus creating ExxonMobil, the world's largest company.

ExxonMobil is the largest of the world's supermajors with daily production of 3.921 million BOE. In 2008, this was approximately 3 percent of world production, which is less than several of the largest state-owned petroleum companies. 

When ranked by oil and gas reserves, it is 14th in the world—with less than 1 percent of the total. ExxonMobil's reserves were 25.2 billion BOE (barrels of oil equivalent) at the end of 2013 and the 2007 rates of production were expected to last more than 14 years. With 37 oil refineries in 21 countries constituting a combined daily refining capacity of 6.3 million barrels, ExxonMobil is the largest refiner in the world, a title that was also associated with Standard Oil since its incorporation in 1870.

2007 – Long time "Jeopardy!" champion, Ken Jennings, finally loses after 74 consecutive wins with $2,520,700, the largest game show amount in history.

2005 – John Sentamu becomes the first black archbishop in the Church of England with his enthronement as the 97th Archbishop of York.

2018 – Marriott Hotels reveal massive data breach, 500 millions guests affected in one of the largest-ever company hacks.

2020 – Los Angeles County begins three-wee stay-at-home order for 10 million people in an attempt to combat COVID-19 surge.

TODAY'S BIRTHS

1849 – John Ambrose Fleming, English physicist and engineer (d. 1945)

1898 – C. S. Lewis, Irish-English author, poet, and critic (d. 1963

1924 – Charles E. Mower, American sergeant, Medal of Honor recipient (d. 1944)

From Wikipedia and Google, except as noted.