THIS DAY IN HISTORY ― DECEMBER 1

 

THIS DAY IN HISTORY ― DECEMBER 1

December 1 is the 335th day of the year (336th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 30 days remaining until the end of the year. This date is slightly more likely to fall on a Tuesday, Thursday or Saturday (58 in 400 years each) than on Sunday or Monday (57), and slightly less likely to occur on a Wednesday or Friday (56).

ROSA PARKS DAY 

800 – Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican.

1420 – Henry V of England enters Paris. Less than two years later, after the arduous siege of Meaux, he was dead, and a generation later on the fields of Castillon in 1453, the English were finally defeated.

1640 – Portugal regains independence after 60 years of Spanish rule following a revolution by Portugese nobility; the Portugese Restoration War begins and last until 1668 with recognition by Spain of the country's independence.

1824 – United States presidential election, 1824: Since no candidate received a majority of the total electoral college votes in the election, the United States House of Representatives is given the task of deciding the winner in accordance with the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution. 

John Quincy Adams was elected President on February 9, 1825. The election was the only one in history to be decided by the House of Representatives under the provisions of the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution after no candidate secured a majority of the electoral vote. It was also the first presidential election in which the candidate who received a plurality of electoral votes (Andrew Jackson) did not become President.

1834 – Slavery is abolished in the Cape Colony in accordance with the Slavery Abolition Act 1833.

1862 – In his State of the Union Address President Abraham Lincoln reaffirms the necessity of ending slavery as ordered ten weeks earlier in the Emancipation Proclamation.

1865 – Shaw University, the first historically black university in the southern United States, is founded in Raleigh, North Carolina.

1881 – Virgil, Morgan, and Wyatt Earp are exonerated in court for their action in the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral in Tombstone, AZ.

1913 – Ford Motor Company introduces the first moving assembly line.

1941 – World War II: Emperor Hirohito of Japan gives the final approval to initiate war against the United States

1955 – American Civil Rights Movement: In Montgomery, Alabama, seamstress Rosa Parks refuses to give up her bus seat to a white man and is arrested for violating the city's racial segregation laws, an incident which leads to the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

1958 – The Our Lady of the Angels School fire in Chicago kills 92 children and three nuns.

1969 – Vietnam War: The first draft lottery in the United States is held since World War II.

1989 – Cold War: East Germany's parliament abolishes the constitutional provision granting the Communist Party the leading role in the state.


1990 – The Channel Tunnel sections started from the United Kingdom and France meet 40 metres beneath the seabed.

1991 – Cold War: Ukrainian voters overwhelmingly approve a referendum for independence from the Soviet Union.

2001 – Trans World Airlines' final flight following the carrier's purchase by American Airlines. TWA began operating 76 years earlier. The flight, piloted by Capt. Bill Compton, landed at St. Louis International Airport. 

TODAY'S BIRTHS

1761 – Marie Tussaud, French-English sculptor, founded Madame Tussauds Wax Museum (d. 1850)

1912 – Minoru Yamasaki, American architect, designed the World Trade Center (d. 1986)

1925 – Martin Rodbell, American biochemist and endocrinologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)


From Wikipedia and Google, except as noted.

 MOVIE DIALOG OF THE DAY ― THE MATRIX (1999)

RATINGS: IMDB ―8.7/10, Rotten Tomatoes ―87%, ME ― 90%

[Neo sees a black cat walk by them, and then a similar black cat walk by them just like the first one]
Neo: Whoa. Déjà vu.
[Everyone freezes right in their tracks]
Trinity: What did you just say?
Neo: Nothing. Just had a little déjà vu.
Trinity: What did you see?
Cypher: What happened?
Neo: A black cat went past us, and then another that looked just like it.Trinity: How much like it? Was it the same cat?
Neo: It might have been. I'm not sure.
Morpheus: Switch! Apoc!
Neo: What is it?
Trinity: A déjà vu is usually a glitch in the Matrix. It happens when they change something

Keanu Reeves as Neo, Carrie Ann Moss as Trinity, Joe Pantoliano as Cypher, and Laurence Fishburne as Morpheous

Trivia ―(From IMDB):

The opening action scene of the film took six months of training and four days to shoot.

Legendary Hong Kong stunt coordinator Woo-Ping Yuen initially refused to work on the film. Even after receiving the script, which he liked, he hoped that by asking for an exorbitant fee, it would turn off the Wachowskis. It didn't. He next formulated what he considered an impossible request. He said that he'd agree only if he had complete control of the fights, and that he trained the actors for four months before they shoot. The Wachowskis complied with his request.

After the lobby shoot-out, the camera pans back, showing the aftermath of the gunfight in the lobby. During this, a piece of one of the pillars falls off. This happened by coincidence during the filming, and was not planned, but was left, since it seemed appropriate.

Carrie-Anne Moss twisted her ankle while shooting one of her scenes, but decided not to tell anyone until after filming, so they wouldn't re-cast her.

For the cell phone conversation scene between Neo and Morpheus in the MetaCortex office, Keanu Reeves actually climbed up the window without a stuntman, which was 34 floors up.

All scenes that take place within the Matrix have a green tint, as if watching them through a computer monitor, while scenes in the real world have a blue tint, blue was also used at a minimum in the matrix scenes, since the directors thought blue was more of a real world color despite, ironically, blue being the least often occurring color in nature. The fight scene between Morpheus and Neo, which is neither in the real world, nor in the Matrix, is tinted yellow.

In the first forty-five minutes of the film, Neo has eighty lines. Forty-four of these lines are questions, just over half of his total dialogue, averaging at roughly one question per minute.

The studio insisted on a great deal of explanatory dialogue, as they described the screenplay as "the script that nobody understands."

According to Costume Designer Kym Barrett, Trinity's costume was made with cheap PVC, because of the much tighter budget. Similarly, Neo's coat wasn't actually a very expensive fabric. It was a wool blend purchased for three dollars a yard.

Will Smith was approached to play Neo, but turned down the offer in order to star in Wild Wild West (1999). He later admitted that, at the time, he was "not mature enough as an actor" and that, if given the role, he "would have messed it up". He had no regrets, saying that "Keanu was brilliant as Neo."

In Greek Mythology, Morpheus is the god of dreams. Somewhat ironic, considering Morpheus' role here is to awaken people from their dream states to reality.

In 2012, The Matrix was selected by the U.S. Library of Congress for preservation in the National Film Registry archives.

For Keanu Reeves' scenes set in the real world at the start of the film, his costumes were deliberately shabby and ill-fitting, to suggest Thomas Anderson's feeling of not quite fitting into the world.

In the combat training program before Neo starts his furious attacks on Morpheus, he rubs his nose with his thumb and finger, similar to a mannerism of Bruce Lee before he attacks his opponents. The move was improvised by Reeves.

The glyphs on the computer screens, with the exception of the call traces, consists of reversed letters, numbers, and Japanese katakana characters.

The filming of the helicopter scene nearly caused the film to be shut down, because they flew the helicopter through restricted Sydney airspace. Laws in New South Wales, Australia were changed to allow filming to proceed.

According to The Wachowskis, all animals in the Matrix universe are computer generated images.

When Belinda McClory auditioned for the role of "Switch", she was only going for half the role. The character was originally planned to be played by androgynous actors. In the real world, it would be played by a male actor and in the Matrix be represented in a female form, hence the name "Switch". Warner Brothers refined the idea and McClory ended up getting a single female role in both environments.

All the color blue was sucked out of the exterior shots to convey how grim the world of the Matrix actually is.

The iconic sunglasses worn by the Matrix characters are from the cult-ish label Blinde, which prides itself on producing handmade glasses. The company's founder, Richard Walker, had to tender against large companies such as Ray-Ban and Arnette to win the film's sunglasses contract, and set himself apart by scratch-designing pairs of glasses based purely on the characters' unusual names. When his tender was successful, Walker was flown into Sydney where he spent the duration of the Matrix shoot custom-designing sunglasses for the cast in the back of an Oxford Street optometrist.

The Wachowskis harbored their vision for five and a half years, working through fourteen drafts of the screenplay. Although most studio executives who read the script loved their ideas, they had extreme difficulty imagining how this would translate onto the screen. The Wachowskis then hired leading illustrators Steve Skroce and Geofrey Darrow who created over six hundred storyboards. Executives were reportedly sold immediately after seeing the bold vision on display, and green-lit the film.

When Carrie-Anne Moss saw the first cut, it was also the first time she'd ever seen herself in a movie before.

Laurence Fishburne stated that once he read the script, he did not understand why other people found it confusing. However, he had a doubt if the movie would ever be made, because it was "so smart".

Before his character's final speech at the end, Keanu Reeves never has more than five sentences in a row to speak.

Shot almost entirely in Sydney, Australia, the location scouts found it very difficult to find burned-out, American-ghetto-looking locations. Many of the urban-decay locations had to be created from scratch.

Some personal information can be seen on Thomas Anderson's "criminal record" that Agent Smith glances at when he interrogates Neo: The last update to the file was July 22, 1998 Neo's date of birth is "March 11, 1962" Neo's place of birth is "Lower Downtown, Capital City" Neo's mother's maiden name is "Michelle McGahey" Neo's father's name is "John Anderson" Neo attended "Central West Junior High" and "Owen Paterson High" (named after the film's Production Designer). A few seconds later, a photocopy of his passport can be seen. There the place of his birth is CAPITAL CITY USA, his date of birth is the 13th of September 1971, the passport was issued on the 12th of September 1991 and will expire on the 11th of September 2001.

On the first day of shooting, Hugo Weaving suffered an injury to his leg. It was revealed to be a polyp that had to be surgically removed. For a while, there was a suggestion that the actor would have to be re-cast, but, by shifting the schedule around so that all of his stuntwork would take place at the end of shooting, Weaving was able to take the part.

The name of Morpheus' ship, the Nebuchadnezzar, is a Biblical reference to King Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon, from the biblical Book of Daniel. King Nebuchadnezzar ("the Great") was famous for his conquests of Israel in Biblical times (specifically Judah and Jerusalem). He also built the Hanging Gardens of Babylon (one of the lost Seven Wonders of the Ancient World) for his wife. He has a dream he can't remember, but keeps searching for an answer, in Daniel 2:1-49.

Numerous sets of identical twins were cast as extras in the "Woman in Red" scene - in which Morpheus takes Neo through a computer simulation of The Matrix - to create the illusion of a repeating program. Example: the tall man with slicked-back hair and sunglasses in the opening shot is seen a few seconds later as a police officer writing a parking ticket.

The climactic subway fight scene between Neo and Agent Smith went ten days over schedule.

By the middle of 2002, the famous "Bullet Time" sequence had been spoofed in over twenty different movies.

To prepare for the scene in which Neo wakes up in a pod, Keanu Reeves lost fifteen pounds, and shaved his whole body to give Neo an emaciated look.

Before filming, the principal actors and actresses spent four months with martial arts experts learning the fight moves, from October 1997 to March 1998. The actors and actresses had originally thought that it would take just a few weeks.

The name of the company, for which Neo works, is Metacortex. The roots of this word are meta-, which according to Webster's means "going beyond or higher, transcending," and -cortex, which is "the outer layer (boundary) of gray matter surrounding the brain." Thus, Metacortex is "transcending the boundaries of the brain," which is precisely what Neo proceeds to do.

The last thing shot was Neo getting flushed into the lake when he gets unplugged for the first time.

When Tank is uploading the Martial Arts training to Neo, there is a shot of the computer screen as it scrolls through the various Martial Arts styles. The graphics have a computer image of a person and the title of the style below. The fifth one on the screen is entitled "Drunken Boxing". Woo-Ping Yuen, the fight choreographer for this movie, was director and fight choreographer for Jackie Chan's early hit, Drunken Master (1978) in which Jackie Chan's character masters the style of Zui Chuan, or Drunken Boxing. Some of the other Martial Arts fighting styles being downloaded are Jiu-jitsu, Savate, Kempo, Tae Kwon Do, and, of course, Kung Fu.

Warner Brothers green-lit the movie fairly late during pre-production. For a long time, artists working on pre-production were not sure whether the film was ever going to be made.

In the early stages of developing what was to become the famous Bullet Time sequence, Visual Effects Supervisor John Gaeta and Director of Photography Bill Pope constructed many gimbals and dollies in the hope of creating the effect the old-fashioned way. The original dolly they created for the camera, would be led around the action at a tremendous speed, but after many failed tests and broken dollies, they opted for computer graphics, which meant writing an entirely new program for the effect. However, the Bullet Time sequence does still use one very old-fashioned technique: still photography.

In an online interview when the film was first released, the Wachowskis revealed that they'd both take the Blue Pill when given Neo's choice.

According to Don Davis, Johnny Depp was Lana and Lilly's first choice for Neo, but Warner Brothers wanted Brad Pitt or Val Kilmer. After Kilmer and Brad Pitt said no, Warner Brothers was willing to consider Johnny Depp, and then it came down to Johnny Depp and Keanu Reeves, whom Warner Brothers was pushing. Keanu was always really tuned in to the concept, and made a big difference in the casting.

Nicolas Cage turned down the part of Neo because of family commitments. Tom Cruise was also considered. Will Smith was approached for the role, but turned it down in favor of Wild Wild West (1999). He later said that turning down the role was the biggest mistakes he ever made.

The book Neo hides his computer discs in is called "Simulacra and Simulation" a treatise by Jean Baudrillard that explores the postmodern concept of simulation and hyperreality. The chapter where they're hidden is called "On Nihilism". Nihilism often involves a sense of despair coupled with the belief that life is devoid of meaning.

According to Weapon Provider John Bowring, guns for Keanu Reeves in the lobby sequence and the elevator sequence, were actually plastic lightweight weapons. They made a very faithful cast of the MP5K, which weighs about 150-200 grams, so that Keanu could carry them quite easily without worrying about the weight. Heavy versions of the same thing were also made, if they were to fall on the floor.

Sets from the film Dark City (1998), including rooftops, buildings, and other exterior sets, were used in this film. The rooftops that Trinity runs across at the beginning of the film are the same ones that John Murdoch runs across in Dark City. Both movies deal with humanity being kept in a carefully constructed illusion by outsiders, which prompted claims that The Matrix had effectively ripped off Dark City; in reality, the screenplay of The Matrix had been written long before Dark City was released.

For Agent Smith's voice, Hugo Weaving emulated a 1950s news reader. Laurence Fishburne compared him to Walter Cronkite.

The key of the beginning theme you hear at the beginning of every Matrix movie (rousing strings and horn blasts) ascends by one whole tone with each movie. The Matrix (1999) starts in the key of E, The Matrix Reloaded (2003) in F-sharp and Matrix Revolutions(2003) in the key of G-sharp.

The actors and actresses of the film were required to be able to understand and explain The Matrix. Simulacra and Simulation was required reading for most of the principal cast and crew. Keanu Reeves stated that the Wachowskis had him read Simulacra and Simulation, Out of Control, and Evolutionary Psychology even before they opened up the script, and eventually he was able to explain all the philosophical nuances involved. Carrie-Anne Moss commented that she had difficulty with this process.

Gary Oldman was considered as Morpheus at one point, as well as Samuel L. Jackson.

The spring-loaded cell phones used in the film, were Nokia Stilletos or 8110s.

Carrie-Anne Moss performed the shots featuring Trinity at the beginning of the film and all the wire stunts herself.

When Lana and Lilly Wachowski's screenplay for Assassins (1995) was being made for Producer Joel Silver, The Wachowskis brought Silver the script to this film. He was bowled over by their screenplay, but not by The Wachowskis' insistence that they direct the film themselves. He told them to cut their teeth by directing something else instead, which is why they made Bound (1996). The success of that lesbian crime thriller proved to be the calling card that The Wachowskis needed to earn the trust from Warner Brothers to direct this movie themselves.

The idea for the movie was created when The Wachowskis were thinking for some new story for a comic book series. They wrote the entire script before their first directorial venture Bound (1996), and worked on it up until the time of production.

Prior to the pre-production, Keanu Reeves suffered a two-level fusion of his cervical spine which had begun to cause paralysis in his legs, requiring him to undergo neck surgery. He was still recovering by the time of pre-production, but he insisted on training, so Woo-Ping Yuen let him practice punches and lighter moves. Reeves trained hard and even requested training on days off. However, the surgery still made him unable to kick for two out of four months of training. As a result, Reeves did not kick much in the film.

By filming in Australia, the film-makers kept the final budget at sixty million dollars. The movie would not have been green-lit by Warner Brothers otherwise, because it would have cost a record 180 million dollars for a U.S.-based production.

The film pays a huge homage to Lewis Carroll's "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland", although there are also references to Karl Marx, Franz Kafka, Zen, and Homer's Odyssey. One of the main featured works of literature is "Simulcra and Simulation" by the French philosopher Jean Baudrillaud. The book can be seen lying open in Neo's apartment, and was required reading for all the principal cast and crew.

The first day of shooting was the scene where Neo receives the phone from Morpheus in the office and attempts to flee from the Agents.

The first time he saw the movie, Laurence Fishburne said, "Morpheus scared the s*** out of me."

All of the references to street corners (for example, Wells and Lake) are real intersections in Chicago, Illinois, The Wachowskis' hometown. The subway train has signs for "Loop," another Chicago reference. The film however is quite obviously not set in Chicago or any other real city (though it was filmed in Sydney).

Carrie-Anne Moss auditioned with the scene in the nightclub where she first approaches Thomas Anderson, a.k.a., Neo.

Filming the scene when Neo slammed Smith into the ceiling, Chad Stahelski, Keanu Reeves' stunt double, sustained several injuries, including broken ribs, knees, and a dislocated shoulder. Another stuntman was injured by a hydraulic puller during a shot where Neo was slammed into a booth.

When Mouse is cornered by the S.W.A.T. team during the raid, the guns he pulls out are a pair of cam-operated, electrically-driven 12-gauge automatic shotguns with 25-round drum magazines, capable of firing at 900 RPM. They were built specially for the movie by John Bowring, the film's key armorer.

The windows, into which Trinity crashes the helicopter, are those of the Columbia Pictures screening room in Sydney, Australia.

According to Costumer Gloria Bava, Neo's original coat was silver gray leather. It was changed because the directors wanted something that was able to billow and float. There is a reference in the script to "liquid sky"; a coat that would liquefy with the surroundings and billowy. Even putting a wind machine under the coat didn't move, because the leather was too heavy. Costumers finally changed the fabric.

To prepare for the wire fu, the actors had to train hard for several months. The Wachowskis first scheduled four months for training. Woo-Ping Yuen was optimistic, but then began to worry when he realized how unfit the actors and actresses were. Yuen let their body style develop, and then worked with each actor's or actress' strength. He built on Keanu Reeves' diligence, Laurence Fishburne's resilience, Hugo Weaving's precision, and Carrie-Anne Moss's feminine grace. Yuen designed Moss' moves to suit her deftness and lightness.

Neo is often referred to as the "One", which is an anagram of "Neo".

On a computer, a "cookie" is a piece of personal data. The Oracle gives Neo a literal and a figurative cookie.

The Wachowskis simply described Trinity as a woman in black leather in the script, but it was interpreted tremendously by Kym Barrett.

The visual effects comprise roughly twenty percent of the entire film.

According to Lana Wachowski, for the slow-mo bullet ripple effects, Sound Designer Dane A. Davis put bullets on strings and whirl them around his studio. Also he digitized raindrops against window panes to create the sound of the Matrix code.

Gillian Anderson turned down the role of Trinity.

Due to Keanu Reeves' neck injury, some of the action scenes had to be re-scheduled to wait for his full recovery. As a result, the filming began with scenes that did not require much physical exertion, such as the scene in Thomas Anderson's office, the interrogation room, or the car ride, in which Neo is taken to see the Oracle.

When Morpheus is explaining "What the Matrix is" to Neo, he uses the phrase, "Welcome, to the desert of the real." This is a paraphrase from Jean Baudrillard's "Simulacra and Simulation", the hollowed-out book where Neo keeps his illegal software. The quote can be found in Chapter One - The Precession of Simulacra, Page one, Paragraph 2, "It is the real, and not the map, whose vestiges persist here and there in the deserts that are no longer those of the Empire, but ours. The desert of the real itself." NB: The American title of Baudrillard's book is Simulations. It was published by Semiotext(e) in 1983.

"Know thyself", the phrase in the kitchen of the "oracle", was the inscription above the entrance of the Delphic Oracle.

Carrie-Anne Moss was a cast member of the short-lived television show Matrix (1993).

The movie is a modern adaptation of Plato's Allegory of the Cave.

According to the inscription on the Nebuchadnezzar's core, the ship was "Made in the USA" in the year 2069. It also states that it is a "Mark III, No. 11" model, which is a possible reference to Mark 3:11, which reads "And whenever those possessed by evil spirits caught sight of him, they would fall down in front of him shrieking, 'You are the Son of God!'"

The Wachowskis instructed Laurence Fishburne to base his performance on the character Morpheus in Neil Gaiman's Sandman comics.

Russell Crowe turned down the role of Morpheus. He said. "I just didn't get it. I couldn't get past page 42. That world was just not interesting to me."

According to Producer Barrie M. Osborne, The Wachowskis originally wanted the Trinity chase on real rooftops, rather than on a stage.

The helicopter was a full-scale light-weight mock-up, and its blades were added post-production by the visual effects team.

Hugo Weaving stated that the character of Agent Smith was enjoyable to play, because it amused him. He developed a neutral accent, but with more specific character for the role. He wanted Smith to sound neither robotic nor human, and also said that the Wachowski's deep voices had influenced his voice in the film. When filming began, Weaving mentioned that he was excited to be a part of something that would extend him.

Laurence Fishburne said that Morpheus was like being Obi-Wan Kenobi and Darth Vader in one character.

Sandra Bullock turned down the role of Trinity, because she couldn't see herself acting alongside the actor the studio intended to play the role as Neo. This was before Keanu Reeves was cast, with whom she had worked on Speed (1994) and would work on The Lake House (2006). She later regretted this decision.

When Neo is meeting with the Oracle, the music playing in the background in her apartment is Django Reinhardt's "Nuages". Following this tune can be heard Duke Ellington's "I'm Beginning to See the Light".

For the "Ultimate Matrix Collection" DVD re-release, the film was given a totally new, clean DVD transfer to replace the grainy one that had been on DVD since 1999, and give it the clear, sleek look of the sequels, which had not been seen since the theatrical release.

The Wachowskis approached Hugo Weaving to play Agent Smith after seeing his performance in Proof (1991).

After Smith sends Neo flying backwards with a punch to the chest, Neo spews blood before getting back to his feet. Once he does, he taunts Smith in a fighting stance. The stance branches from the style Hapkido.

While asleep (inside the Matrix) at the beginning of the movie - one of Neo's illicit computer searches revealed that Morpheus had eluded authorities at Heathrow airport.

During the Trinity rooftop chase at the film's beginning, two distinctive city skylines are noticeable. Nashville, Tennessee's BellSouth Building and L & C Tower are visible behind the Agents. San Francisco's TransAmerica and Coit Towers can be seen behind Trinity after she jumps past the Guns & Ammo billboard.

The lobby shootout took ten days to film.

The sound of the pod containing a human baby closing, required almost fifty sounds put together.

The phone in the envelope that Neo receives from Morpheus is the Nokia 8110 a.k.a. the Nokia "Banana Phone". It was the first commercial phone to have SMS functionality.

The car used while inside the matrix is a black 1965 Lincoln Continental.

For the scene when Neo wakes up in the pod connected to the Matrix, the pod was constructed to look dirty, used, and sinister. During the testing of a breathing mechanism in the pod, the tester suffered hypothermia in under eight minutes, so the pod had to be heated.

Hugo Weaving had to undergo hip surgery after being injured during fight training, which completely shifted the shooting schedule. Consequently, Weaving's fight scenes were completed at the end of the production, in order to allow time for him to heal.

Ewan McGregor turned down the role of Neo, as he was filming Star Wars: Episode I - The Phantom Menace (1999). Both movies would compete against one another for Best Visual Effects during the Academy Awards ceremony the next year, with The Matrix winning the award.

The Wachowskis' approach to action scenes drew upon their admiration for Japanese animation such as Ninja Scroll (1993) and Akira (1988). Ghost in the Shell (1995) was a particularly strong influence. Joel Silver has stated that the Wachowskis first described their intentions for the film by showing him that animé and saying, "We wanna do that for real."

Despite widespread rumors, Sir Sean Connery was offered the role of the Architect in the sequels, not that of Morpheus.

Thomas Anderson, a.k.a., Neo wakes up seven times during the course of the film.

The motorcycle Trinity rides is a jet black Triumph Speed Triple.

Agent Smith refers to Cypher as Mr. Reagan during their meeting. This makes him the only character in the movie besides Neo to be identified by both their Matrix identity and their real world "handle" identity.

The film takes place around the year 2199.

Jean Reno was approached to play Agent Smith. He turned it down and took a role in Godzilla (1998) instead. He was also unwilling to move to Australia.

The powerful sidearm used by the Agents in all three Matrix films is the Magnum Research/Israeli Military Industries Desert Eagle .50 AE.

The first film to be shot in the then just-opened Fox Studios in Sydney.

David Duchovny turned down the role of Neo, in order to star in The X Files (1998).

"Tastee Wheat", which is mentioned when Mouse is trying to describe the food in the real world, was replaced by "Sex Crispies" in the German version of the movie.

The Nebuchadnezzar was designed to have a patched-up look, instead of clean, cold and sterile space ship interior sets as used on films like Star Trek (2009). The wires were made visible to show the ship's working internals, and each composition was carefully designed to convey the ship as "a marriage between man and machine."

For the subway scene, the set was first planned to be shot in a real subway station, but due to the amount of the actions and the wire works, the decision was made to shoot on a set. The set was built around an existing train storage facility, which had real train tracks.

The bending of spoons in the Oracle's apartment is a nod to the 1970s psychic-pop fad of telekinetic spoon-bending (proven to be simple stage magic), most notably by Uri Geller.

Included among the "1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die", edited by Steven Schneider.

Principal photography wrapped at 1:01 a.m., with the scene where the characters are inside the wall, climbing down. Principal photography took 25 weeks, or 118 days, which was almost a month over the 90 days that were initially allotted.

The dojo set was built well before the actual filming. During the filming of these action sequences, there was significant physical contact between the actors, earning them bruises. Because of Keanu Reeves's injury and his insufficient training with wires prior to the filming, he was unable to perform the triple kicks satisfactorily and became frustrated with himself, causing the scene to be postponed. The scene was shot successfully a few days later, with Reeves using only three takes. Woo-Ping Yuen altered the choreography, and made the actors pull their punches in the last sequence of the scene, creating a training feel.

According to Marcus Chong, the actors and actresses were encouraged to make their characters stoic and repressed.

There are many who might legitimately claim to have invented the time-freezing photographic technique used in the movie. It might have been Michel Gondry, who used it for the first time in a commercial (for an insurance company) and then in a video clip for Björk. It might have been architectural graphics artist Matthew Bannister, who, in his academic work, suggested that motion and time in video could be separated, and proposed an apparatus for doing it much like that used for the film (but who was unable to make it work with then-available technology), or even artist Tim MacMillan, who demonstrated the technique on British television in 1993. It may be that each of them, and others, invented it independently.

The Wachowskis had all the lead actors read "Simulacra and Simulation" by Jean Baudrillard, "Out of Control" by Kevin Kelly, and "Introducing Evolutionary Psychology" by Dylan Evans and Oscar Zarate in order to better understand the world of the movie. In the film, Neo actually hides his illegal computer files in a copy of Baudrillard's book.

Chow Yun-Fat turned down the role of Morpheus.

Sophia Stewart had a case pending against the directors, producers, and studios behind the Matrix and Terminator movie franchises, claiming that they were all based on a 35 page screenplay treatment she wrote in 1983 called "The Third Eye". Although the case was rejected because of the litigant's failure to present evidence in a timely fashion, Stewart continues to discuss her version of events online. For example, the "John Connor" and "Neo" characters are (she claims) the same individual in her treatment.

As of April, 2016 a research team at DARPA was working on a project which focuses on Targeted Neuroplasticity Training (abbreviated TNT) which involves the use of electrodes put at the base of the neck and the use of electrical impulses to influence a person's neurotransmitters. The purpose is to allow Agents to learn languages and other complex subjects in a fraction of the time. It is similar to Neo being plugged into the training program to learn complex skills faster, except not as medically invasive.

After reading the script, Carrie-Anne Moss stated that at first, she did not believe she had to do the extreme acrobatic actions as described in the script. She also doubted how the Wachowskis would get to direct a movie with a budget so large, but after spending an hour with them going through the storyboard, she understood why some people would trust them. She underwent a three-hour physical test during casting, so she knew what to expect subsequently.

Cypher, whose last name is Reagan, wants to be "important, like an actor," a wink to President Ronald Reagan. A reference to this is that in the same conversation, Cypher says that he doesn't want to "remember anything". President Reagan was diagnosed with Alzheimer's Disease.

The Agents' costume was designed to create a secret service, undercover look, resembling JFK (1991).

William Gibson's novel Neuormancer was an influence on the film (in particular, use of the term "Matrix"). After watching the film, Gibson commented that the way that the film's creators had drawn from existing cyberpunk works was "exactly the kind of creative cultural osmosis" he had relied upon in his own writing. However, he noted that the film's Gnostic themes distinguished it from Neuromancer, and believed that it was thematically closer to the work of Philip K. Dick.

This wasn't Keanu Reeves' first cyberpunk part. He also played the title role in Johnny Mnemonic (1995).

When Neo fights Morpheus in the construct, the three pieces of music that play on the score are termed the "Bow Whisk Orchestra" by Composer Don Davis. It consists of a semi-improvisational piece with Asian instruments by Davis, the song "Leave You Far Behind" by Lunatic Calm, and another piece by Davis called "Switch or Break Show". Both "Bow Whisk Orchestra" and "Switch Or Break Show" are anagrams of "Wachowski Brothers". Also, when Neo, Morpheus, and Trinity return to the building after visiting the Oracle, the piece of music that plays is called "Threat Mix". Later, when in the same building Morpheus fights Agent Smith, the musical piece is called "Exit Mr. Hat". Both "Threat Mix" and "Exit Mr. Hat" are anagrams of "The Matrix".

Michael Hutchence was cast in a major role, but committed suicide only three days after learning he had got the role.

Jada Pinkett Smith auditioned for the part of Trinity. She later played Niobe in The Matrix Reloaded (2003). Her husband, Will Smith, was offered the role of Neo, but he turned it down.

The antique television Morpheus shows to Neo in the construct is an AWA (Amalgamated Wireless - Australasia) Radiola "Deep Image" Model 209C or very similar model, circa 1958. Its bottom speaker section with fabric grille is missing, probably removed by set design to create a cleaner appearance.

The shot as Trinity tells Neo, "you know exactly where it ends", was filmed on Elizabeth Street (Sydney, New South Wales, Australia) looking north alongside CityRail's - Central to City Circle - train line from where Campbell Street also intersects with Wentworth Avenue. The white wooden scaffolding illuminated to the left was actually there before filming. Shot at night, the rain was added by a firetruck. Local street signs were pulled out and remained uprooted street-side for several days after location filming had moved on.

The fight scenes sound effects, such as the whipping sounds of punches, were created using thin metal rods and recording them, then editing the sounds.

The song that Neo is listening to when Trinity contacts him is called "Dissolved Girl" by Massive Attack. Oddly enough, the song is not on the film's soundtrack, even though it was the first song ever played in the film and is part of a significant scene.

Leonardo DiCaprio turned down the part of Neo, supposedly because he was concerned about the amount of visual effects.

Joe Pantoliano and Carrie-Anne Moss worked together again in Memento (2000).

During the scene in the Oracle's living room where Neo meets the Potentials, Night of the Lepus (1972) is on the television in the background.

The office building in which Smith interrogated Morpheus was a large set, and the outside view of the building was a large, several-story high sheet of background.

The martial arts sequences were inspired by Fist of Legend (1994). The fight scenes in the film led to the hiring of Woo-Ping Yuen as Fight Choreographer.

The first trace program gives a view of the City's area code, but the camera zooms in before it can be completely determined, leaving the phone number as (3?2) 555-0690. Three locations exist in the United States with similar codes: Chicago (312), Delaware (302), and the northwestern Florida peninsula (352). Since the original script indicates that the number is 312-555-0690, and there are numerous other references to Chicago in the film, we can assume that the area code is 312.

At the 72nd Academy Awards, Arnold Schwarzenegger presented the Visual Effects award segment which The Matrix (1999) won. A decade earlier Arnold Schwarzenegger starred in the science fiction film Total Recall (1990) which Schwarzenegger stars as a man who goes to the planet Mars to solve of the mystery of himself when a memory implant procedure of a holiday on Mars goes wrong. Like The Matrix, Total Recall is about the nature of reality and about a man whom gets caught up with rebels which he falls in love with a female rebel warrior. In both films, the film's protagonists at offered red pills which will return them to reality.

Janet Jackson was initially approached for the role of Trinity, but scheduling conflicts prevented her from accepting it. In an interview, she stated that turning down the role was difficult for her, so she later referenced the film in the "Intro" and "Outro" interludes on her tenth studio album "Discipline".

In the film, Neo's combat training lasted for ten hours.

Lou Diamond Phillips was sent the script, but was later told by his agent that the movie would flop.

The film bears a couple of similarities to the "Terminator" films: The film takes place in a dark post-apocalyptic future, in which machines have taken over the world. Morpheus and a band of rebel warriors are fighting to free humanity from the machines and the Matrix computer program. Neo is believed to be the chosen one who will destroy The Matrix and end the war between man and machine. Neo, Morpheus, and Trinity wear sunglasses and leather outfits. Trinity rides a motorcycle in one scene. Neo works as an employee of a computer company and is also a computer hacker. Agent Smith, a law enforcement program, has the ability to change into the form of other individuals in The Matrix and one of the weapons Neo uses on the Agents is a Mini gun.

Joe Pantoliano had worked with the Wachowskis before on Bound (1996).

Christopher Meloni auditioned for the role of Agent Smith.

The Wachowskis hired Woo-Ping Yuen to be the fight choreographer based on his work on Fist of Legend (1994).

The lobby shoot-out was inspired by the works of John Woo.

The name of the City's subway network is CityRail, which also happens to be the name of Sydney's suburban rail network.

When we are introduced to Neo, he's asleep at his computer. Images are seen rapidly changing on the screen, one of which is the front page of an actual Arabic newspaper. Loosely translated, the title of the newspaper means "Midday". Additionally, the main body of the page is about the negotiations between Lebanese Christians and Syrian President Al Asaad in the late 1990s.

Joel Silver had optioned the Wachowski's screenplay long before they made Bound(1996), a film which became their calling card.

The bomb used in the elevator used a redundant pair of mercury switches. They are triggered by movement, which causes the mercury to touch a pair of contacts, completing an electrical circuit. These are also referred to in Lethal Weapon (1987).

Drake, Nas, B.o.B, Rakim, Ab-Soul, Mac Miller, Machine Gun Kelly, cflynna, Kendrick Lamar, Common, Rick Ross, Donavan LaMond Johnson, Lupe Fiasco, Wale Folarin, Jay Z, Lil' Wayne, Gucci Mane, 'Lil' Kim', Currency, The Game, Danny Brown, Scott Mescudi, Jeezy are all hip hop artists that mention the Matrix in their music. R&B star Chris Brown recorded a song called The Matrix and released a video which is heavily inspired by the events of the movie and the character of Neo.

Keanu Reeves was dressed in tight-fitting clothes to make him feel more confined in "everyday life."

In the last scene, in which Agent Smith's chasing Neo through a building, as Neo's looking for an exit, he runs through an apartment occupied by two old women (right after Tank said for Neo to go to his "other" left). On the television, is The Prisoner (1967), the iconic late 1960s television series, in which a secret agent (no name officially given) has been abducted, and awakens to find himself imprisoned in an unnamed village. The landmark series supposes how "we're all prisoners".

The Wachowskis have said that the popular Japanese manga and the film of the same name, Ghost in the Shell (1995), were big influences on the development of the film.

Michelle Yeoh was considered for the role of Trinity.

When Neo has a meeting with his boss at Metacortex near the start of the film, the boss talks about choices. The boss is called Rhineheart which may be a reference to Luke Rhinehart, author of "The Dice Man" - a book about choices.

The phone number for City Boarding is 555-0156.

The number that Neo dials for Guns and Ammo is 555-0161.

Many Hollywood studio execs passed on this project claiming 'virtual reality sci-fi was bad business', citing the failure of previous movies like Johnny Nmemonic as examples.

There was a rumor that the studio had little fate in the project, and only gave the Wachowskis $10 million instead of the $60 million dollar budget that they had asked for. Allegedly, the directors spent that entire amount on the opening scene alone, which impressed the studio sufficiently for them to green-light the rest of the budget. This story was later discredited, although there was a hint of truth: when studio executives were unhappy with how the production moved along and threatened to intervene during filming, the directors and editor hastily compiled the opening scene and finished it with temporary sound and visual effects. The result was enough to keep the studio off their back for the rest of the shoot.

Anthony Ray Parker announced that he was starring in the film in the Kiwi reality show Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1998).

Spoilers ― 

The date stamp on the phone trace program in the opening sequence reads "2/19/98". The date stamp on the phone trace program in the closing sequence reads "9/18/99". This means that the events in the movie take place over exactly nineteen months.

When Neo gets in the car with Trinity for the first time, Switch refers to him as "coppertop". Coppertop is a slang for the Duracell Battery, which is the battery Morpheus shows to Neo as he explains how the human race became an energy source.

The hotel and room number where Neo has to pick up the phone to get out of the Matrix (at the end), are the same where Trinity awaits the police in the beginning of the movie.

The helicopter rescue of Morpheus took over six months to prepare and plan.

The only film in the trilogy where Neo utilizes firearms.

A deleted subplot reveals that Morpheus has previously believed five other people to be The One, all of whom died after attempting to fight the Agents. In The The Matrix Reloaded (2003), the Architect explains that there have been five previous versions of the Matrix before the current one, each with its own version of the One, meaning that Neo again has five predecessors.

Body count: 39.

A combination of practical and digital effects were used for the interrogation scene where Neo is implanted with the bug. A prosthetic stomach was used for the scene where the agents hold down Neo so that Agent Smith can activate the bug that digs into his belly button, notice the small indentation a few inches away from his navel where the plastic had slightly bent. A remote controlled device was also used to simulate the bug's tendrils that were squirming around once they were inside of his stomach. The bug itself was also a combination of CGI and an animatronic. The scene where it activates is CGI while the shot where it's squirming on his stomach is practical, when it's digging into his navel it's CGI.

When considering the time line of all 3 movies, the Oracle is correct in predicting Neo's death for saving Morpheus. He is the last to die and in doing so saves Morpheus and the rest of humanity.

In the interrogation scene, Neo's mouth is somehow melted shut before Agent Smith activates the bug that enters his body through his navel. Neo was still plugged to the system through the Machines ports so they control the ports I/O, his whole "body" at this point is just a computer avatar. It is created and maintained by the Machines behind the agents, and they can manipulate its form simply by altering the Matrix source code defining it, which is how they sealed his mouth shut.

Neo's mouth is melted shut during the interrogation scene, this motif is an intentional homage to the science fiction novel "I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream" which served as one of the many influences for the film. The scene was accomplished with CGI and practical effects, his lips joining together and separating as gooey flesh before sealing shut is CGI while the rest of the shots were practical. Plaster and prosthetic makeup was used over Keanu Reeves' mouth to simulate the effect.

― From IMDB

THIS DAY IN HISTORY ― NOVEMBER 30

 

THIS DAY IN HISTORY ― NOVEMBER 30

November 30 is the 334th day of the year (335th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 31 days remaining until the end of the year. This date is slightly more likely to fall on a Monday, Wednesday or Friday (58 in 400 years each) than on Saturday or Sunday (57), and slightly less likely to occur on a Tuesday or Thursday (56).

NATIONAL STAY HOME BECAUSE YOU'RE WELL DAY 

1016 – Canut the Great, King of Denmark, claims the English throne after the death of Edmund "Ironside."

1487 – The The first German beer purity law is promulgated in Munich, stating beer should be brewed with only three ingredients–water, malt, and hops.

1707 – The second Siege of Pensacola comes to end with the failure of the British to capture Pensacola, Florida.

1782 – American Revolutionary War: Treaty of Paris. In Paris, representatives from the United States and Great Britain sign preliminary peace articles (later formalized as the 1783 Treaty of Paris).

1803 – In New Orleans, Spanish representatives officially transfer the Louisiana Territory to a French representative. Just 20 days later, France transfers the same land to the United States as the Louisiana Purchase.

1804 – The United States Senate begins an impeachment trial of Federalist Supreme Court Justice Samuel Chase.

President Thomas Jefferson, alarmed at the seizure of power by the judiciary through the claim of exclusive judicial review, led efforts to remove the Federalists from the bench. His allies in Congress had, shortly after his inauguration, repealed the Judiciary Act of 1801, abolishing the lower courts created by the legislation and terminating their Federalist judges despite lifetime appointments; Chase, two years after the repeal in May 1803, had denounced it in his charge to a Baltimore grand jury, saying that it would "take away all security for property and personal liberty, and our Republican constitution will sink into a mobocracy[.]" 

Earlier in April 1800, Chase acting as a district judge, had made strong attacks upon Thomas Cooper who had been indicted under the Alien and Sedition Acts; Chase had taken the air of a prosecutor rather than a judge. Also in 1800, when a grand jury in New Castle, Delaware declined to indict a local printer, Chase refused to discharge them, saying he was aware of one specific printer that he wished them to indict for seditious behavior. 

Jefferson saw the attack as indubitable bad behavior and an opportunity to reduce the Federalist influence on the judiciary by impeaching Chase, launching the process from the White House when he wrote to Congressman Joseph Hopper Nicholson of Maryland asking: "Ought the seditious and official attack [by Chase] on the principles of our Constitution... to go unpunished?"

The Senate voted to acquit Chase of all charges on March 1, 1805. He is the only U.S. Supreme Court justice to have been impeached.

1864 – American Civil War: The Confederate Army of Tennessee suffers heavy losses in an attack on the Union Army of the Ohio in the Battle of Franklin.

1908 – The U.S. Secretary of State and Japan's Ambassador to the U.S. exchange notes in what becomes known as the Root-Takahira Agreement: the affirm support for an independent China.

1936 – In London, the Crystal Palace is destroyed by fire.

1939 – Winter War: Soviet forces cross the Finnish border in several places and bomb Helsinki and several other Finnish cities, starting the war. 

1954 – In Sylacauga, Alabama, United States, the Hodges meteorite crashes through a roof and hits a woman taking an afternoon nap; this is the only documented case in the Western Hemisphere of a human being hit by a rock from space.

1981 – Cold War: In Geneva, representatives from the United States and the Soviet Union begin to negotiate intermediate-range nuclear weapon reductions in Europe. (The meetings end inconclusively on December 17.)

1982 – Michael Jackson's second solo album, Thriller is released worldwide. It will become the best-selling record album in history.

1995 – Official end of Operation Desert Storm. In its combat phase, was a war waged by coalition forces from 34 nations led by the United States against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait.

The initial conflict to expel Iraqi troops from Kuwait began with an aerial and naval bombardment on 17 January 1991, continuing for five weeks. This was followed by a ground assault on 24 February. This was a decisive victory for the coalition forces, who liberated Kuwait and advanced into Iraqi territory. The coalition ceased its advance, and declared a ceasefire 100 hours after the ground campaign started. 

Aerial and ground combat was confined to Iraq, Kuwait, and areas on Saudi Arabia's border. Iraq launched Scud missiles against coalition military targets in Saudi Arabia and against Israel.

1998 – Exxon and Mobil sign a US$73.7 billion agreement to merge, thus creating ExxonMobil, the world's largest company.

ExxonMobil is the largest of the world's supermajors with daily production of 3.921 million BOE. In 2008, this was approximately 3 percent of world production, which is less than several of the largest state-owned petroleum companies. 

When ranked by oil and gas reserves, it is 14th in the world—with less than 1 percent of the total. ExxonMobil's reserves were 25.2 billion BOE (barrels of oil equivalent) at the end of 2013 and the 2007 rates of production were expected to last more than 14 years. With 37 oil refineries in 21 countries constituting a combined daily refining capacity of 6.3 million barrels, ExxonMobil is the largest refiner in the world, a title that was also associated with Standard Oil since its incorporation in 1870.

2007 – Long time "Jeopardy!" champion, Ken Jennings, finally loses after 74 consecutive wins with $2,520,700, the largest game show amount in history.

2005 – John Sentamu becomes the first black archbishop in the Church of England with his enthronement as the 97th Archbishop of York.

2018 – Marriott Hotels reveal massive data breach, 500 millions guests affected in one of the largest-ever company hacks.

2020 – Los Angeles County begins three-wee stay-at-home order for 10 million people in an attempt to combat COVID-19 surge.

TODAY'S BIRTHS

1849 – John Ambrose Fleming, English physicist and engineer (d. 1945)

1898 – C. S. Lewis, Irish-English author, poet, and critic (d. 1963

1924 – Charles E. Mower, American sergeant, Medal of Honor recipient (d. 1944)

From Wikipedia and Google, except as noted.