October 23 is the 296th day of the year(297th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 69 days remaining until the end of the year. This date is slightly more likely to fall on a Tuesday, Friday or Sunday (58 in 400 years each) than on Wednesday or Thursday (57), and slightly less likely to occur on a Monday or Saturday (56).
NATIONAL MOLE DAY (AVOGARDO'S NUMBER 6.022 x 10e23)
NATIONAL MOLE DAY (AVOGARDO'S NUMBER 6.022 x 10e23)
42 BC – Marcus Junius Brutus, a leading conspirator in the assassination of Julius Caesar, commits suicide after his defeat at the second battle of Philippi.
1777 – A British Royal Navy fleet of ships, trying to open up supply lines along the Delaware River and the occupying British army in Philadelphia, is bombarded by American cannon fire and artillery from Fort Mifflin, Pennsylvania.
1813 – The Americans operating the Pacific Fur Company trading post in Astoria, Oregon, turn the post over to their rivals in the British North West Company, and for the next three decades Britons dominate the fur trade of the Pacific Northwest.
1855 – In opposition to the fraudulently elected pro-slavery legislature of Kansas, the Kansas Free State forces set up a governor and legislature under their Topeka Constitution, a document that outlaws slavery in the territory.
1941 – Chief of the Soviet Union's general staff, Georgi K. Zhukov, assumes command of Red Army operations to stop the German advance into the heart of Russia.
1956 – Thousands of Hungarians erupt in protest against the Soviet presence in their nation and are met with armed resistance. Organized demonstrations by Hungarian citizens had been ongoing since June 1956, when signs of political reform in Poland raised the possibility for such changes taking place in their own nation. On October 23, however, the protests erupted into violence as students, workers, and even some soldiers demanded more democracy and freedom from what they viewed as an oppressive Soviet presence in Hungary.
1777 – A British Royal Navy fleet of ships, trying to open up supply lines along the Delaware River and the occupying British army in Philadelphia, is bombarded by American cannon fire and artillery from Fort Mifflin, Pennsylvania.
1813 – The Americans operating the Pacific Fur Company trading post in Astoria, Oregon, turn the post over to their rivals in the British North West Company, and for the next three decades Britons dominate the fur trade of the Pacific Northwest.
1855 – In opposition to the fraudulently elected pro-slavery legislature of Kansas, the Kansas Free State forces set up a governor and legislature under their Topeka Constitution, a document that outlaws slavery in the territory.
1941 – Chief of the Soviet Union's general staff, Georgi K. Zhukov, assumes command of Red Army operations to stop the German advance into the heart of Russia.
1956 – Thousands of Hungarians erupt in protest against the Soviet presence in their nation and are met with armed resistance. Organized demonstrations by Hungarian citizens had been ongoing since June 1956, when signs of political reform in Poland raised the possibility for such changes taking place in their own nation. On October 23, however, the protests erupted into violence as students, workers, and even some soldiers demanded more democracy and freedom from what they viewed as an oppressive Soviet presence in Hungary.
1965 – In action following the clash at the Plei Me Special Forces camp 30 miles southwest of Pleiku earlier in the month, the 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile) launches Operation Silver Bayonet.U.S. troops, in conjunction with South Vietnamese forces, sought to destroy North Vietnamese forces operating in Pleku Province in II Corps Tactical Zone (the Central Highlands). The operation concluded in November with a week of bitter fighting when fleeing North Vietnamese troops decided to protect an important staging area and supply base in the Ia Drang Valley. It was the bloodiest battle of the war to date. In one engagement, 1st Battalion, 7th Cavalry fought a desperate three-day battle at Landing Zone X-Ray with the North Vietnamese 33rd and 66th Regiments; when the fighting was over, 834 Communists lay dead on the battlefield. In an associated engagement, 500 North Vietnamese ambushed another battalion from the 1st Cavalry Division at Landing Zone Albany, wiping out almost an entire company. Reported enemy casualties for Operation Silver Bayonet totaled 1,771. U.S. casualties included 240 killed in action.
1977 – Paleontologist Elso Barghoorn announces that 3.4 billion-year-old one-celled fossils, the earliest life forms, had been discovered. These fossils show that life was present on Earth comparatively soon after the Late Heavy Bombardment (about 3.8 billion years ago).
Barghoorn was born in New York City. After graduating from Miami University, Barghoorn obtained his Ph.D. from Harvard in 1941. After teaching for five years at Amherst College, he joined the Harvard faculty, becoming Fisher Professor of Natural History and Curator of the University's plant fossils collections. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1950. In 1972 Barghoorn was awarded the Charles Doolittle Walcott Medal from the National Academy of Sciences.
1925 – Johnny Carson, American comedian and talk show host (d. 2005)
1932 – Vasily Belov, Russian novelist, poet and playwright (d. 2012)
1946 – Graeme Barker, English archaeologist and academic
From Wikipedia and Google, except as noted.
1977 – Paleontologist Elso Barghoorn announces that 3.4 billion-year-old one-celled fossils, the earliest life forms, had been discovered. These fossils show that life was present on Earth comparatively soon after the Late Heavy Bombardment (about 3.8 billion years ago).
Barghoorn was born in New York City. After graduating from Miami University, Barghoorn obtained his Ph.D. from Harvard in 1941. After teaching for five years at Amherst College, he joined the Harvard faculty, becoming Fisher Professor of Natural History and Curator of the University's plant fossils collections. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1950. In 1972 Barghoorn was awarded the Charles Doolittle Walcott Medal from the National Academy of Sciences.
1988 – A suicide bomber drives a truck filled with 2,000 pounds of explosives into a U.S. Marine Corps barracks at the Beirut International Airport. The explosion killed 220 Marines, 18 sailors and three soldiers. A few minutes after that bomb went off, a second bomber drove into the basement of the nearby French paratroopers' barracks, killing 58 more people. Four months after the bombing, American forces left Lebanon without retaliating.
2002 – About 50 Chechen rebels storm a Moscow theater, taking up to 700 people hostage during a sold-out performance of a popular musical.
2012 – After 38 years, the world's first teletext service (BBC's Ceefax) ceases broadcast due to Northern Ireland completing the digital switchover.
2015 – The lowest sea-level pressure in the Western Hemisphere, and the highest reliably-measured non-tornadic sustained winds, are recorded in Hurricane Patricia, which strikes Mexico hours later, killing at least 13 and causing over $280 million in damages.
TODAY'S BIRTHS
1835 – Adlai Stevenson I, American lawyer and politician, 23rd Vice President of the United States (d. 1914)
1869 – John Heisman, American football player and coach (d. 1936)
1920 – Ted Fujita, Japanese-American meteorologist and academic, Fujita tornado scale (d. 1998)
2012 – After 38 years, the world's first teletext service (BBC's Ceefax) ceases broadcast due to Northern Ireland completing the digital switchover.
2015 – The lowest sea-level pressure in the Western Hemisphere, and the highest reliably-measured non-tornadic sustained winds, are recorded in Hurricane Patricia, which strikes Mexico hours later, killing at least 13 and causing over $280 million in damages.
TODAY'S BIRTHS
1835 – Adlai Stevenson I, American lawyer and politician, 23rd Vice President of the United States (d. 1914)
1869 – John Heisman, American football player and coach (d. 1936)
1920 – Ted Fujita, Japanese-American meteorologist and academic, Fujita tornado scale (d. 1998)
1925 – Johnny Carson, American comedian and talk show host (d. 2005)
1932 – Vasily Belov, Russian novelist, poet and playwright (d. 2012)
1946 – Graeme Barker, English archaeologist and academic
From Wikipedia and Google, except as noted.
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